Chap 29. Dental Implant

 
# Dental implant ¶õ?
oral cavity¿¡¼­ Á¡¸·À» ¶Õ°í tissue³»·Î »ðÀÔµÇ¾î º¸Ã¶¹°À» ÁöÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â deviceÀ̸ç, post°¡ ±¸°­³»·Î ³ëÃâµÇ¾î Àΰø abutment·Î »ç¿ëµÊ.
 
History of modern implantology
1. stage I endosteal implants
1937³â(Venable); surgical Vitallium°³¹ß, Co-Cr-Mo alloy
1939³â(Strock); screw type implant, Vitallium
2. subperiosteal implant
1941³â(Dahal's); bone impression ¾øÀÌ Á¦ÀÛ
1951³â(Lew); bone impression
ÃÖ±Ù(James); CT scanÀ¸·Î bone impression ´ëÄ¡
3. stage II endosteal implants
1951³â(Brånemark); titaniumÀÇ osseointegration
1963³â(Linkow); Linkow blade vent implant
1968³â(Small); staple bone plate
1970³â(Kawahara); ceramic cylindrical implant
1974³â(Greenfield); ITI hollow cylinder
1974³â(Kirsch);IMZ implant
1982³â ÀÌÈÄ; 1981³â Brånemark implant °á°ú°¡ ¼Ò°³µÈ ÈÄ 2 stage surgery°¡ º¸ÆíÈ­µÇ°í Nobelphama implant À¯»çǰÀÇ cylindrical implant ÆÇ¸Å
ex) Steri-Oss, Flexiroot, Core Vent, Integral
1984³â; hydroxyapatite coatingµÈ Integral implant
 
Classification of dental implant
1. endosteal implant
boneÀ» ¶Õ°í bone³»ºÎ¿¡ ¸Å½Ä
1) blade vent implant
2) tooth root replacement
vitreous carbon, aluminum oxide, vitallium
3) osseointegration implant
titanium, hydroxyapatite
2. subperiosteal implant
soft tissueÀÇ flapÀ» Á¥È÷°í bone implantÀ» ¶á ´ÙÀ½ ²Ë ¸Â°Ô ¾ñÈú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±¸Á¶¹°À» ÁÖÁ¶ÇÏ¿© ´Ù½Ã »ðÀÔÇÏ´Â ¹æ½Ä.
1) mandibular subperiosteal implant
full archÀÎ °æ¿ì ÁÖÁ¶ post 4°³°¡ ¹ÛÀ¸·Î ³ª¿Í C D¸¦ ÁöÁöÇÑ´Ù.
2) maxillary pterygoid extension implant
»ó¾ÇÀÇ boneÀº Èí¼ö°¡ ÀߵǹǷΠºñ±³Àû boneÀÌ constantÇÑ
(1) hard palate
(2) ant. nasal spine
(3) pterygoid process
±îÁö ¿¬ÀåÇÏ¿© support¸¦ ¾òÀ½
3. mandibular staple bone implant
edentulous atrophic Mand.ÀÇ ant. portion¿¡ ÀåÄ¡ÇÏ¸ç ¿Ü°ú¼ö¼ú¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© inferior Mn. border¿¡¼­ ºÎÅÍ alveolar. ridge crest±îÁö ±¸¸ÛÀ» ¶Õ°í stapleÀ» ³¢¿ö °íÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
4. endodontic implant
endo Ä¡·áÇÑ Ä¡¾Æ°¡ µ¿¿ä°¡ ½ÉÇØ¼­ Áö´ëÄ¡·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¶§ Ä¡¾ÆÀåÃà ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î root apex¸¦ Åë°úÇÏ´Â ±â´Ù¶õ post¸¦ bone¿¡±îÁö ¿¬ÀåµÇ°Ô ¹Ú´Â´Ù.
5. mucosal insert(button implant)
»ó¾Ç CDÀÇ retention À§ÇÏ¿© Á¡¸· ³»¿¡ ±¹ÇѵǴ Á¶±×¸¶ÇÑ ±¸¸ÛÀ» ¶Õ°í soft tissueÀÇ undercut¸¦ ÀÌ¿ë
6. ramus frame implant
Mand.ÀÇ anterior part¿Í ramus¿¡ foot¸¦ °®´Â frameÀ» Mand.¿¡ ÀåÂøÇϰí ÀÌ À§¿¡ CD ÇØÁØ´Ù.
 
Biocompatibility of implant
1. biocompatible material
1) metal; titanium, Vitallium(Cr-Co-Mo), tantalum
2) carbon
3) ceramic & hydroxyapatite
2. consensus conference
1978³â Harvard univ.¿¡¼­ º¸Ã¶°ú, ¿Ü°ú ÀÇ»ç ¹× Åë°è ºÐ¼®°¡¿Í º¸»çºÎ Á÷¿øµéÀÌ ¸ð¿© implant¿¡ ´ëÇÑ clinical result¸¦ Á¶»ç °ËÅäÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1988³â NIH consensus conference ÀÌÈÄ Ä¡°ú°è¿¡ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ »ý±è.
3. histologic evidence around implant body of blade vent implant
1) peri implant memb.(=pseudo periodontal memb.)
¸Å½Äü¿Í ÁÖÀ§°ñ »çÀÌ¿¡ »ý±ä °áüÁ¶Á÷ ¸·ÀÌ¸ç ¼öÁ÷ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹è¿­µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
2) implant bodyÀÇ surf´Â cementumÀÇ surf. texture¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô Á¦Á¶µÈ´Ù.
3) vent ³»ºÎ·Î´Â boneÀÌ ¼ºÀåÇØ µé¾î°£ ¸ð½À
4) ¸Å½Äü Áö´ëÁÖ ÁÖÀ§ Á¶Á÷Àº Á¤»óÄ¡¾Æ Ä¡Àº ¿­±¸ Á¶Á÷°ú À¯»çÇÑ ¾ç»ó.
4. osseointegration
Sweden BrånemarkÀÇ ¿¬±¸°á°ú·Î 2-stage surgery½Ã titanium Ç¥¸é¿¡ boneÀÌ direct appositionµÊÀÌ ±¤ÇÐ Çö¹Ì°æ »óÀ¸·Î È®ÀεÊ
 
Osseointegration cylindrical implant
1. ±¸Á¶
fixture, cover screw, abutment, abutment screw, gold cylinder, gold screw
2. contraindication
1) irradiated patient
2) psychiatric problems
3) systemic disorder
4) pathology of bone and soft tissue
3. diagnosis and treatment plan
1) history
2) oral exam.
3) study cast
4) radiographic exam.
5) diagnostic wax up and splint Á¦ÀÛ
6) bone evaluation
7) design; bone anchored vs. overdenture vs. splinting
3. appointments
1) examination, diagnosis
2) treatment planning
3) first surgery, fixture
4) suture removal - 1 week later
5) soft denture reline - 1 weeks later
6) relining of denture - every 3 weeks
»ó¾Ç; 4-6°³¿ù, ÇϾÇ; 3-4°³¿ù
7) second surgery, abutment connection
8) suture removal - 1 week later
9) prosthesis - 2 weeks later
10) regular recall
 
Blade vent implant
1. ±¸Á¶
2. indication for endosteal blade vent implant
1) blade ventÀÇ implant post´Â removable PD(RPD)ÀÇ Áö´ëÄ¡·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾î¼­´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.
2) single toothÀÇ replacement·Î´Â »ç¿ëÇØ¼­´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.
3) »ó¾Çµ¿À̳ª inf. alv. canalÀ» ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¸¸Å­ ÃæºÐÇÑ boneÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
4) ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÎÁ¢ ÀÚ¿¬Ä¡¿Í splintingÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
5) complete edentulous arch¿¡¼­´Â ÃÖ¼Ò 4°³ÀÇ implant¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁöÁöµÊ
3. procedure
1) selection of blade vent implant
X-ray¿Í clinical measurement¿¡ µû¶ó Àû´çÇÑ Å©±â¿Í ÇüÅÂÀÇ implant¸¦ ¼±ÅÃ(sinus, nerve, canal µî ÁÖÀÇ)
2) incision
implant º¸´Ù 5mm ±æ°Ô incisionÇϰí mucoperiosteumÀÇ flapÀ» À糤´Ù.
3) channeling of bone
knife edgeÀÇ alv. bone ridge³ª irregularÇÑ area¸¦ bone file·Î ´ÙµëÀº ´ÙÀ½ ±æÀ̰¡ ±ä 700XL, 700XXL bur¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© implant º¸´Ù 1mm ±æ°Ô groove Çü¼º.
4) insert the implant
channel ³»ÀÇ bone debris¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ°í ±íÀ̸¦ È®ÀÎÇÑ ´ÙÀ½, titanium tipÀ¸·Î µÈ seating instrument·Î Àâ°í °¡º±°Ô malletingÇÏ¿© Á¦ À§Ä¡·Î ÀåÂø½ÃŲ´Ù.
(neckÀÇ safety stop & lack ºÎÀ§°¡ alveolar bone crest¿¡ ¿À°í shoulder´Â 2mm ÇϹ濡 À§Ä¡)
5) suture
implant postºÎÀ§´Â semilunar punch·Î excessÇÑ soft tissue¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇϰí interrupted suture with 3-0 black silk
6) temporary bridge
implant ÀÇ stabilization°ú ȯÀÚÀÇ psychological benefit¸¦ ¾ò±â¸¦ À§Çؼ­À̸ç temporary cement°¡ incision line ³»·Î µé¾î°¡Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï rubber damÀ¸·Î protection
7) permanent prosthesis & routine check